A centrifugal pump is a device that transports liquids using centrifugal force generated by the rotation of an impeller. It is widely used in industrial, agricultural, and municipal fields.
Structural Components: It mainly includes components such as a pump casing, impeller, pump shaft, and sealing device. The impeller is the core component, which generates centrifugal force through rotation; the pump casing is used to support the structure and guide the flow of liquid.
Performance Parameters:
Flow Rate: The volume of liquid transported per unit time.
Head: The height to which liquid is transported or the pressure difference (suction head + discharge head).
Rotation Speed: Usually 2900 revolutions per minute (rpm).
Classified by the number of suction inlets: Single-suction type (inlet on one side)、Double-suction type (inlets on both sides).
Classified by the number of impellers: Single-stage pump (with one impeller)、Multi-stage pump (with multiple impellers in series).
Environmental Protection and Water Treatment: In sewage treatment plants, industrial wastewater discharge systems, and urban pollution treatment systems, centrifugal pumps are used for liquid transportation and treatment, supporting the stable operation of environmental protection processes.
Chemical and Petrochemical Industry: As a common device for transporting corrosive liquids and flammable/explosive media, centrifugal pumps play a key role in chemical production. Their corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, or low-temperature resistance make them suitable for transporting toxic and hazardous media, such as acid-alkali solutions and organic solvents.
Power and Metallurgy Industry: In power plant circulating water systems, cooling water transportation, and liquid medium transmission in the metallurgical industry, centrifugal pumps are widely used due to their high efficiency, energy-saving, and stable operation. For example, the circulation of high-temperature cooling water relies on specialized hot water centrifugal pumps to achieve a stable supply.
Municipal and Building Heating: Used in scenarios such as water level lifting in urban water supply systems and hot water circulation in building heating systems. Their high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance meet the special working conditions of heating systems.
Agriculture and Water Conservancy Projects: Split-case double-suction centrifugal pumps perform outstandingly in scenarios such as farmland irrigation and flood control/drainage. Their large flow rate and high head characteristics meet the special needs of agricultural and water conservancy projects.
Other Industrial Fields: Food Processing: For transportation and treatment of liquid food; Pharmaceutical Industry: For transporting chemical agents; Fire Protection Systems: Used as pressure boosting equipment; High-Rise Building Pressure Boosting: To meet the water supply needs of high-rise buildings.
Working Principle:
It is based on centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impeller, realizing liquid transportation through the conversion of kinetic energy and pressure energy. The core component is a high-speed rotating impeller, which drives the liquid to make a rotational movement and generates centrifugal force. This force throws the liquid from the center of the impeller to the pump casing; the liquid is then discharged after deceleration and pressure boosting through the diffuser pipe. As the liquid is discharged, a low-pressure vacuum area is formed at the center of the impeller, and liquid is replenished through the suction pipe, forming continuous transportation.
Key Features:
High Efficiency: High rotation speed, small volume, light weight, large flow rate, and simple structure.
Head Limitation: The suction head is limited by atmospheric pressure (maximum approximately 10.336 m, and the actual installation height must consider the loss of the suction pipeline.
Application Scope: Suitable for liquids with properties similar to water; flow rate ranges from 5 to 20,000 m3/h, and head ranges from 3 to 2800 m.
Start-up Requirement: Pre-filling with water or pumping air to form a vacuum is required; otherwise, the pump cannot suck water.
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